Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection which can affect one or more toenails or fingernails, causing thick, brittle and disfigured nails. Available prescription treatments pose the risk of side effects, making home remedies -- such as topical tea tree oil -- popular alternatives. Derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia tree, tea tree oil has antifungal properties, yet there is a lack of evidence this essential oil is an effective nail fungus treatment. Ideal treatment protocol is also not known, so common application steps mirror those used in the research studies.
Seek Medical Advice
If you suffer from nail fungus, an important first step is to discuss treatment options with your doctor or podiatrist. When topically applied to infected nails, tea tree oil has minimal side effects, so your doctor may support a trial of this essential oil if you are interested. However, the nail filing and cutting recommended prior to oil application, if too aggressive, can injure nearby skin and lead to infection in people who have diabetes, poor blood flow, or other conditions that compromise the immune system. Also, the topical application of any essential oil can cause skin irritation or rash. So work with your doctor to ensure this home treatment is safe for you.
Prepare the Nail
Start by sterilizing your nail clipper, by soaking it in rubbing alcohol or a 10 percent bleach solution for 10 minutes. Next, prepare your nail for treatment by trimming away dead nail, and being careful to avoid cutting your skin. Then file with a coarse nail filer, removing as much dead nail as you can without scratching the skin below or around the nail. If needed, use a medium or fine nail filer to smooth any jagged or rough areas.
Apply Tea Tree Oil
Clean your affected nail with soap and water to remove nail dust. Use a cotton swab to apply a few to several drops of tea tree oil to the affected nail, and allow to air dry. Apply thoroughly, so the oil penetrates the affected nail as much as possible. Be careful to minimize application to nearby skin, as undiluted oil can cause skin irritation or rash.
Reapply and Be Patient
Repeat the tea tree oil application 2 to 3 times per day, for 3 to 6 months, or according to any schedule provided by your doctor. Repeat the filing procedure 1 to 2 times a week, if needed, to remove any new dead nail tissue.
Prevent Future Infections
Fungal infections can be contagious, so take steps to prevent future infections. Wear clean, moisture-wicking socks and change socks daily -- or more often if your feet get sweaty. Wear well-fitting shoes that are made of leather, canvas or mesh, as these are less likely to create a damp environment that favors fungal growth. Wear shower sandals or flip flops when using public showers or pool areas, and sprinkle anti-fungal powder in your shoes to discourage fungal growth. Use sterilized nail clippers and do not share your clippers, socks, shoes or other personal foot care items.